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摘要:刑事责任能力作为定罪体系的一个基本要素，决定了行为人的行为是否构成犯罪以及行为人如何承担刑事责任，因此在刑法理论体系中占据极其重要的地位。本文以刑事责任能力为主题，以国内刑法学界对刑事责任能力的不同认识为基础，对刑事责任能力的概念进行界定。年龄、精神障碍都会影响人的辨认能力和控制能力，所以它们都是法定的影响刑事责任能力的基本因素，但在我国立法上还需要进一步的完善。醉酒状态虽然不被我国立法认为可以影响刑事责任能力，但从实践上看，还应当区分不同情况下的醉酒人的刑事责任能力。这些都是本文所讨论的。
关键词：刑事责任能力；年龄；精神障碍；醉酒
Abstract:As the essential of the system of criminating, the capacity of criminal responsibility decide whether a man commit a crime and how to assume what kind of criminal responsibility, so the capacity of criminal responsibility is very important in the system of criminal theory. Based on the domestic different understanding of the responsibility of criminal, the primary topic of the text is the capacity of criminal responsibility , which will define the concept of the capacity of criminal responsibility. Age, obstacle of energy can influence the ability of identification and control, so they are legal basic influencing factors of the capacity of criminal responsibility, but a farther improvement should be taken in lawmaking. Drunken does not be consider of the influencing factor of the capacity of criminal responsibility, but in practice the capacity of criminal responsibility of drunken man should be taken into account in different instance. These are the questions the text will discuss.
Key words: Capacity for criminal responsibility；Age；Obstacle of energy；Drunken
刑事责任能力制度在现代各国刑法中均不可或缺，刑事责任能力是刑法理论中一个非常重要的问题，是犯罪主体的核心和关键要件，是行为人实施行为时犯罪能力与承担刑事责任能力的统一，也是其辨认行为能力与控制行为能力的统一，对于犯罪主体的成立与否以及对行为人的定罪量刑具有至关重要的作用。在现代法治国家，惩罚犯罪与保障人权两者应当有机结合。而要实现这一结合，让犯罪者得到应有之惩治、普通民众基本权利得到应有之保障，合理的刑事责任能力制度显得尤为重要。