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摘要:本文着重分析了国内外准则中关于研究与开发费用资本化还是费用化的具体制度。从而根据中国目前的现状做出分析和总结。研究费用费用化是国际上所普遍认同的,但是开发费用的具体如何区分资本化还是费用化还有待进一步的研究,现状中研发支出的资本化费用化界限是非常模糊的,而且也不可能非常具体划分清楚的,对企业而言,他们会选择对自己更为有力的情况---将开发费用资本化,这就会减少国家的税收。2006年颁布的企业会计准则,借鉴国际准则的做法,将研究与开发费用的会计处理按照研究阶段和开发阶段,分别进行费用化和资本化。以用友软件为例具体分析了企业研发费用资本化和费用化对企业利润的影响。
关键词:研究开发费用,资本化,费用化,企业会计准则
Abstract: In today's knowledge economy, research and development costs in the enterprise in the proportion of total expenditure increasing, increasing the performance of a regular, fixed expenses for enterprise development and the formation of core competencies provide a continuous power. China in 2001 in the Accounting Standards issued by the requirements of all current research and development costs are expensed, the cost of treatment has always been exposed limitations. 2006, Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises issued, drawing on international practice guidelines, research and development costs will be in accordance with the accounting treatment of the research phase and development phase, respectively, and the capitallize of costs. With the company's investment in research and development costs increasing, causing the community have an effect on the cost of general concern. From the 1970s, since there were reports of foreign financial disclosure requirements in research and development costs, thus giving scholars use empirical methods to study this issue has created favorable conditions. China from February 15, 2006, after the promulgation of new accounting standards require listed companies from January 1, 2007 implementation, research and development costs have begun to be disclosed, which is China's accession to the WTO, the International Accounting Standards and integration of expression, making the country the opportunity to undertake such a study is also maturing.
Key words: Research and development costs;capitalization ;expense;Accounting Standards
研究与开发费用发生金额的大小反映企业的一项重要的经营管理决策,它关系到企业长期、持续的竞争能力和盈利能力。随着我国新会计准则的颁布,以及新企业所得税法的实施,探讨企业内部研究与开发费用的会计处理,对于提高企业财务报告的质量,有效地保护信息使用者的利益,特别是广大投资者的利益,以及高效地利用企业资源,增强企业竞争力具有重要的意义。
目前国际上主要采用三种方法处理企业的研究与开发费用:第一种方法是全部进行资本化处理,然后再按照一定的方式进行摊销,然后将其摊销额与当期确认的收入及其费用进行配比;第二种方法是采用全部费用化的处理方式,这种处理方式主要由于研究和开发费用与今后会计期间的收益存在着很大的不确定性,因此将其全部作为当期的费用进行处理,符合会计准则中的谨慎性原则;第三种方法是有条件的资本化处理方式,如果研究与开发费用符合了资本化的条件,则将其确认为资产,在以后期间进行摊销,如果不满足资本化的条件则确认为当期的费用计入当期损益。这三种处理方式各有利弊,采用不同的会计处理,对于不同的企业而言,反映在会计报表中的利润、税金及其现金流量均有所不同,因此会影响会计报表使用者的判断,使其决策的依据不同。