更新时间:11-02 (邻座的怪同学)提供原创文章
摘要:随着大型公共建筑发展的多样化和功能复杂化,传统的防火设计规范已经明显滞后于现代建筑的防火安全要求。大型公共建筑作为人们日常工作、生活和社会交往不可或缺的场所,是目前国内一线城市发展的重要组成部分,具有使用频率高、人流量大、人员密集等特点。同时很多公共建筑场所消防设施不齐全,且不能按时检测消防设施,企业安全管理制度不完善,人们自我保护意识不强,一旦发生灾害事故,最易引发群死、群伤的恶性后果,造成生命、财产的极大损失,并产生巨大的负面社会影响。有鉴于此,开展大型公共建筑消防安全评价指标研究具有极强的实际意义和针对性。因此,本文主要研究内容如下:
①火灾原因分析开始,采用理论与实际相结合的方法,分析我国大型公共建筑火灾安全方面存在的各种不安全因素。
②利用与预先危险性分析法进行定性,层次分析法进行定量分析的方法确定影响大型公共建筑防火安全因素的指标,科学的确定其权重,建立大型公共建筑防火安全评价体系。
③提出大型公共建筑的防火措施与控制方法。
关键词:火灾特点 预先危险性分析 层次分析 权重计算
ABSTRACT:With the development of large.scale public building diverse and complex functions, the traditional fire design specification has lagged far behind in modern building fire safety requirements. Large public buildings as people's daily work, life and social interaction indispensable place, is currently the first.tier cities an important part of the development, with the use of high frequency, high traffic, crowded and so on. Meanwhile, many public buildings, places fire facilities are not complete, and can not be detected on time fire.fighting facilities, enterprise security management system is imperfect, it is self.protection awareness is not strong, in the event of disasters, and most likely lead to death group, the group of malignant consequences of injury, resulting in life , a great loss of property has an enormous negative impact on society. In view of this, to carry out large.scale public buildings fire safety evaluation research has a strong practical significance and relevance. Therefore, this study is as follows:
① fire cause analysis begins, using a combination of theory and practical methods to analyze China's large public buildings fire safety aspects of the presence of various insecurity.
② Use and Preliminary Hazard Analysis method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of AHP method to determine the impact of large public buildings fire safety factor indicators to determine the weight of science, the establishment of large public buildings fire safety evaluation system.
③ Proposed large public buildings fire protection measures and control methods.
Keywords:fire features;preliminary dazard analysis;AHP;weight calculation
本文通过对大型公共建筑火灾特点进行分析后,利用预先危险性分析与层次分析法两种评价方法相结合的方法,建立一套大型公建筑消防安全评价指标研究体系,经过专家的打分,进而根据打分进行权重的计算,提高了整个评价体系的严密性。
通过案例的分析可知大型公共建筑防火设计基本达标,发生火灾的主要原因是群集特性,因此应当重点加强人群安全意识。
①本文采用预先危险性分析方法创建了大型公共建筑火灾分析表,预先危险性分析可以识别与系统有关的主要危险有害因素,分析、判断危险有害因素导致事故发生的原因,最后提出消除或控制危险有害因素的对策措施。
②本文采用层次分析法对大型公建筑消防安全进行了评估,它可以将定量的问题以及人们对此问题的主观判断用定量的形式表达出来,它在一定程度上能减少人的主观错误,使评价更加全面、客观、科学化。权重是层次评价的重要信息,采用了定性和定量相结合的层次分析法来确定权重,使权重的赋值更加科学合理。