更新时间:10-27 (我的美女老师)提供原创文章
摘要:跟随着经济全球化的步伐,政府干预也越来越成为市场经济的重要组成部分。但是,政府干预也同市场一样具有非万能性:不完全的信息,模糊的公共利益,管理体制及方式的缺陷,政府内部的腐败,行政效率的低下等等。为了能更好的满足社会发展的需要,我们有必要对政府失灵的现象进行研究和分析。通过再造政府职能,明确政府权限;引入竞争机制;加强法制建设,建立高效绩效评估机制和监督机制;扩大第三部门公共服务的范围和权限;为公共服务进行良好的分类等等一系列措施的实施,将会推动我国政府失灵理论的发展,为政府失灵现象提供必要的理论依据,从而有利于新学科的发展;同时对政府失灵现象的研究,也能通过制定措施来防范和消除政府失灵现象来指导我国市场经济的发展。
关键词:公共管理;政府失灵;现象
Abstract:Because of the economic globalization and the rapid development of modern market economy, the government intervention has become an essential part of government management. With known as the market is not everything, the government's intervention also is not everything; The information is incomplete, the vagueness of the public interests, the defects of the management system, the government of internal corruption, and administrative efficiency is low and so on. All these things make government become no longer universal. In order to better meet the needs of the development of the society, it is necessary for us to do some research and analysis about government failure. To this, we can take the following measures: Reinventing government function; Clarifying government authority; Introducing competition mechanism; Strengthening the legal system construction, Establishing efficient performance evaluation mechanism and supervision mechanism; Expanding the scope and privileges of the third department public service; Classifing the public service in good ways and so on. Through taking a series of effective measures to promote the development of the theory of government failure in our country, Provide necessary for government failures of the theoretical basis, and promote the development of the new subject; At the same time, the research of the government failure phenomenon can also push the development of market economy in China and can guide practice by taking measures to prevent and even eliminate government failure or failure phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study the government failure, it is important to our country and even the development of world economy and the harmonious state.
Key words:Public administration; Government failure; Phenomenon
经济全球化,现代市场经济快速发展的今天,市场经济的种种失效日益显露,政府干预变成了政府管理中最为重要的一环。甚至在某些领域,政府失灵也已成为制约着经济社会发展的重要因素。在农村,公共物品供给的缺失成为政府失灵的典型,政府无法满足人们日益增长的文化需求,政府无法提供人们确实需要的公共物品,公共物品和公共服务的缺失和错位现象严重。因此,政府的干预不是万能的,总的来说就是信息的不完全性,公共利益的模糊性,管理体制及方式的缺陷,政府内部的腐败,行政效率的低下等等,这一系列的问题将政府从万能的神坛上拉了下来。我将从以下两个方面来阐述公共管理下研究政府失灵的意义。
首先,研究了政府失灵现象的成因,了解了政府干预的局限性,能正确认识政府干预的范围和幅度,适时的调整政府的职能范围。众所周知,理想的市场经济是由政府干预以及市场机制共同参与的。即使市场是资源配置的有效手段,但是,市场不是“神话”,它本身的缺陷要求着政府的参与。而政府在弥补市场机制的缺陷时,会出现失败的现象,甚至出现政府和市场同时失灵的情况。因此这就迫切的要求有一定的理论来指导政府的干预行为,为其限定界限与范围。
然后,随着对政府失灵现象的进一步研究,可以为转型期我国政府职能转变提供理论和现实依据。政府职能的转变一直是我国政府管理改革的重点,但是政府职能如何有效地转变甚至是怎样转变,还在一定程度上还困扰着我们的政府。而对政府失灵现象的研究,却可以透过现象看本质,追根溯源,为政府职能转变保驾护航,因此又具有一定的实践意义。