更新时间:11-02 (邻座的怪同学)提供原创文章
摘要:在当前社会,系统中的操作人员正逐步从直接控制人员变成监视人员和决策者,大多数传统的体力劳动正逐渐被脑力劳动所代替。随着作业者通过VDT需要处理的脑力劳动不断增加,所面临的信息加工要求也越来越严格,使得作业者所承受的脑力劳动负荷越来越大。因此,如何正确地认识和评价作业者的脑力劳动负荷,对我国职业健康的监督管理、人机功效的运用与发展具有越来越重要的长远意义。本文着重从劳动时间及劳动强度两方面来探讨脑力负荷。
由于大脑的疲劳机制较复杂,影响脑力负荷的因素较多,因此目前还没有一种客观精确地评价脑力负荷的标准方法。本文对目前多种主要的脑力负荷测评方法进行了对比,选定主观评分法和生理学评定法对志愿者进行实验。并对结果数据进行分析讨论,得出VDT作业的中工作时间及工作强度对脑力负荷的影响。最后,根据讨论结果,对VDT作业者的工作环境和工作时间相关方面提出一些可行的改善建议。
关键词: VDT作业 劳动时间及强度 脑力负荷 主观评分 生理评定法
ABSTRACT:In the current society, system operators are gradually convert from direct operator into surveillance personnel and decision makers, most of the traditional manual labor is gradually replaced by the mental labor. With the operator through the VDT need to deal with the mental labor is increasing, the information processing requirements more stringent, make the mental workload operators to bear more and more. Therefore, the mental workload to correct understanding and evaluation of operator, has a long-term significance is more and more important in the application and development of the supervision and management, our country occupation health man-machine efficacy. This paper focuses on the mental load from two aspects of labor time and labor intensity.
Because the brain fatigue mechanism is relatively complex, there are many factors influencing the mental workload, so there is not a standard method of objective and accurate evaluation of the mental workload. This paper compares the present many of the major mental workload evaluation methods, selected the subjective grading method and physiological evaluation experiments on volunteers. And the results of data were analyzed and discussed, in work time and work strength obtains the VDT operation on the mental workload. Finally, according to the result of the discussion, and puts forward some feasible suggestions to improve the VDT operator's working environment and working time related aspects.
Keywords: VDT work; time of labour and labour intensity; mental workload; subjective scoring; Physiological score method
通过查阅相关资料发现VDT作业人员连续工作时间一般较长,而且没有固定的休息时间,往往是作业者本人感觉到头晕或眼睛模糊等症状时才知道休息,但往往此时他们的身体已处于非常疲劳超出负荷的状态。因此,对他们采取强制性的休息管理措施是有必要的。有关研究表明,工作一个小时左右视觉系统的生理机能就开始显著下降,开始出现疲劳状况,而且疲劳的程度会随着工作时间的延长而逐渐增强。根据国外专家对VDT作业不同休息方式的对比研究发现,上下午各一次一定时间休息之外,作业者每小时休息5分钟,可以有效地缓解VDT作业引起的以脑力疲劳和视觉疲劳为主的生理心理疲劳,而且不影响作业效率。这与本文的实验结论基本相符。
在模拟不同时间的脑力劳动实验中,3组阅读的库柏-哈柏量表评分分值差异无统计学意义,作业者的脑力负荷并没有明显的改变,但是有增高的趋势,说明短时间和长时间的VDT作业起疲劳程度变化不明显,但有增高的表现。闪光融合值实验得出的数据显示,作业者脑力负荷增加。