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摘要:我国上市公司在国民经济发展当中扮演着举足轻重的作用,上市公司的健康有序发展成为全民的关注焦点,上市公司会计信息披露与全民关系密切,因此上司公司的会计信息的可靠真实性对会计信息使用者至关重要。然而,从我国目前的现状分析,形势不容乐观,会计信息失真案频频出现,为解决上市公司的信息失真问题使其诚信回归迫在眉睫,不容忽视。导致上市公司的会计信息失真原因颇多,从大的方向分析,有宏观的原因,有合法的有非法的原因,有主观的有客观的原因等,从小的角度分析,有公司内部控制制度不完善原因,有会计人员职业道德低下原因,有公司管理层受利益驱动粉饰财务报表原因等,本文主要从上市公司的管理层角度分析会计信息失真,以管理层为核心向四周深层次探寻导致上市公司会计信息失真的本质问题。从而,以发现的本质问题作为出发点,为解决这些问题提出合理化措施。经过分析总结得出,我国上市公司的管理层是影响会计信息失真的幕后黑手,只有解决好上市公司管理层利益的平衡性,才能从根本上杜绝会计信息失真的现状。会计信息失真问题得以解决将会使我国上市公司诚信上一个台阶,为我国上市公司的永续发展提供前提和重要保证。因此,对症下药是解决会计信息失真的关键所在。
关键字:上市公司;会计信息;失真;管理层
ABSTRACT:Listed companies in China in the development of the national economy which plays a pivotal role in the healthy and orderly development of listed companies to become the focus of attention of the whole people, the Public Company Accounting information disclosure and all the people are closely related, therefore the boss company's accounting information reliable authenticity of accounting information-user crucial. However, from the current situation in our country, the situation is not optimistic, accounting information distortion case frequently appears and its integrity regression imminent to solve the problem of information distortion of the listed companies, can not be ignored. Lead to the distortion of accounting information of listed companies for a lot of reasons, from the direction of a large, macro reason, there are legitimate reasons of illegal, subjective and objective reasons, small angle analysis, the Company's internal control system is not perfect reasons, the accountancy professional ethics reasons of low, driven by the interests of management of the Company whitewash financial statements of reasons, this article mainly analyze the distortion of accounting information from the perspective of the management of listed companies, as the core of management to explore the surrounding deep-seated causes listed company's accounting information distortion of the nature of the problem. After analysis concludes that the management of listed companies in China is behind the distortion of accounting information, only to solve the balance of the interests of the management of listed companies, in order to fundamentally put an end to the status of accounting information distortion. Accounting information distortion problem is resolved will make China's listed companies in good faith to a higher level, the premise and an important guarantee for the sustainable development of China's listed companies. Therefore, the right medicine is the key to solve the distortion of accounting information.
Keyword:Listed companies;Accounting Information;Distortion;Management
在我国,上市公司财务造假频频发生,难以杜绝,什么原因让这些公司如此大胆为所欲为,不顾法律的制裁和公众的谴责,任意的粉饰财务报告,从外部因数来说,由于审计不到位,制度控制存在缺陷,相关部门监督不到位所致,从内部因数来讲,由于公司管理层的职业道德沦丧,诚信缺失,利益驱动主观臆断出发点与落脚点偏离诚信轨道,管理层自律不足,易被眼前短期利益所诱惑,导致不理智的抉择,从而,走向了违法犯罪之路, 综上所述得出以下结论。
第一、管理层的动机不纯,容易被利益所驱动。都说“有钱能使鬼推磨”,人在利益面前很容易失去理智,自己不知不觉的就步入违法犯罪的行列,因此,在日常必须加强对管理层的职业道德教育,提高自身的认知能力,用思想来武装自己,争取做到“诚信为本,操守为重,坚持准则,不做假账”的境界。
第二、企业内部控制不完善,高管集权严重。上市公司“一股独大”严重,管理层控制股权比例上升,逐渐控制企业,一人揽多职,权利分配失衡。
第三、外部监督不严,缺乏独立性,管理层如鱼得水。外部监督应该是一个独立的机构,有自己的准则,可是现在的外部监督失去了应有的作用,逐渐被内部人员控制,外部监督形同虚设。
第四、管理层诚信缺失。归根结底,会计造假的原因是管理层失去自我,导致诚信危机,必须加强对管理层的诚信教育,内外监督并用,定期对管理层的诚信指数进行评价。
虽说本文已经从不同的方面分析管理层造假的事实,也提出合理措施,可随着时代的发展和进步,很多新兴的问题不断涌现,待需解决, 比如说,这是一个利益的时代,如何才能让公司高管真正的达到求知欲饱和状态,提供真实可靠的财务信息,这个动态坐标是今后进行相关专业研究必须探讨的。