更新时间:11-30 (好久不见)提供原创文章
摘要:在我国有关于税收筹划理论的研究和实物运作是从90年代末才公开进行的,到目前为止还没有形成一套完整的体系,在企业的运用也不普遍,筹划水平不高,很多人都把税收筹划认为是通过偷逃税款或者避税的方法来减少企业税收支出,达到税收筹划的目的,但是,通过偷逃税的方法来使企业的税负减少会使企业承受较大的财务风险,一旦被查出,不仅不能达到减轻税负的目的,还会使企业面临惩罚甚至可能构成犯罪。另外,由于企业没有专门的税收筹划人员,即使有相关人员所学知识也是有限的,税收筹划的效果差。随着社会经济的不断发展,税收筹划已成为财务管理活动中不可缺少的重要组成部分。企业只有对生产运营活动中的涉税业务进行事先筹划和安排,选择出最优的方案予以实施,来降低税负,实现企业价值最大化的总目标。
本论文拟在已有的企业税收筹划理论和方法研究的基础之上,结合现行税法及相关优惠政策,研究企业筹资决策、投资决策、资金运营及利润分配等财务管理活动中的税收筹划的具体方法,并在此基础上找出企业在税收筹划中存在的不足之处,提出相关的改进意见。
关键词:税收筹划;筹资;投资;收益分配
ABSTRACT:Of tax planning theory and physical functioning is open to the public from the late 1990s, and so far have not formed a complete system, not common in the use of enterprise planning level is not high, many people are tax planning through tax evasion or tax avoidance to reduce the corporate tax expenditures, to achieve the purpose of tax planning, but tax evasion method to reduce the tax burden on enterprises would bear a greater financial risk,was found, not only can not achieve the purpose to reduce the tax burden, the enterprise will face penalties and may even constitute a crime. In addition, because the companies do not have a special tax planning staff, staff knowledge is limited, the effect of tax planning. As social and economic development, tax planning has become an important and indispensable part of the financial management activities. Companies only tax-related business in the production and operation activities prior planning and arrangements choose the best solution to be implemented to reduce the tax burden, the overall goal of maximizing corporate value.This paper intends the basis of the existing corporate tax planning theories and methods of research, combined with the current tax law and related preferential policies, research tax planning in corporate financing decisions, investment decisions, financial operations and the distribution of profits and other financial management activities methods, and on this basis to find out the inadequacies of the enterprises in tax planning, proposed improvements.
Keywords: Tax planning; financing; investment; income distribution
税收筹划贯穿于企业财务决策的各个领域,是实现财务管理目标的有效途径。税收筹划是一种既合法,又符合税法的立法意图的行为,它可以提高企业的财务管理水平,增强企业的竞争能力,有助于企业实现价值最大化的财务管理目标。税收筹划的基本方式是通过减少企业的应纳所得税额,来减少企业的税收支出,或者通过延期缴纳税款,延迟交纳的这部分税款相当于一笔“无息贷款”,减少企业的利息支出。
由于税收筹划的综合性比较强,一般的财务人员很难将税收筹划活动开展到最后,需要聘请专门的筹划人员,所以税收筹划的成本高,需要遵循成本效益原则,加之纳税义务一旦产生,就很难通过筹划使应纳税额减少,税收筹划还需要遵循事前筹划原则。在遵循相关原则的基础之上,站在整个企业的角度从筹资、投资、营运和收益分配四个大的方面制定出最优的筹划方案,使业达到减税的目的。
由于资料和我的能力有限,本文还存在着许多的不足之处,比如说在分析税收筹划在财务管理中的应用这一部分,只是就相关的例子进行分析,没有找一家企业进行全方面的分析;在分析各财务活动使涉及的面比较窄,我只是就比较了解的部分作了分析。如果有机会,我一定会找更多的资料,并通过一个例子将理论的知识实际化。最后希望各位老师再看了本文以后提出修改意见。