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ABSTRACT:Politeness is an important research subject of pragmatics, politeness is also a strategy of communication. In people’s daily life, appropriate utterance politeness is the ultimate goal of human communication. Iconicity refers to the resemblance between linguistic structures and conceptual or experiential structures, iconicity provides new study angle of view for politeness research. On the basis of pointing out that quantity iconicity’s insufficient explanation of utterance politeness, it applies distance iconicity to pragmatic level, and makes a concrete analysis from the difference between linguistic politeness and utterance politeness, the inference of utterance politeness, the recipients’ standards to judge whether the utterance is polite or not and so on. It aims to explain utterance politeness characterizes distance iconicity, and presumes the appropriateness of utterance politeness.
Key words: Utterance Politeness Linguistic Politeness Distance Iconicity Quantity Iconicity Pragmatic Distance Appropriateness
摘要:礼貌是语言学的重要研究课程之一，同时也是一种重要的交际策略。在人们的日常生活中，得体的话语礼貌才是人们交际的最终目的。象似性是指语言结构和所表达的概念或经验结构之间的映照关系。它为礼貌研究提供了的新的视角。在指出数量象似性对话语礼貌解释力不足的基础上，将距离象似性运用于语用层面，并从语言礼貌与话语礼貌的区别、话语礼貌的推断、话语礼貌与否的受话人标准等方面作具体分析，旨在说明话语礼貌具有距离象似性特征，最后基于距离象似性对话语礼貌的得体性进行推定。
关键词：话语礼貌 距离象似性 数量象似性 语用距离 得体性