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Abstract:Contrastive analysis is one of the important methods in language study and research. The contrastive studies between different languages will not only help the language educators with their teaching but also will help the language learners with their study and translation.
Adverbial is one of the important elements both in English and Chinese sentences. There are many commonalities of adverbials between these two different languages, for example, adverbs, nouns and prepositional phrases can act as adverbials in both languages; and all of them can indicate the time, place, condition, purpose and reason. However, since English and Chinese belong to different language families, a lot of differences lay between their adverbials as well, for example, in the aspect of parts of speech, verbs can directly act as adverbials in Chinese sentences; while in English sentences, we have to use infinitives or participles to act as adverbials. In the aspect of positions, they also bear many differences. This thesis aims to make a contrastive study of adverbials between English and Chinese from the aspects of categories, functions, parts of speech and positions and find out the reasons for the differences. It is in an attempt to apply their commonalities and differences to translation, and help the English learners solve the difficulties in translation. It is hoped that the findings of this thesis will provide necessary insights and help for the English learners in translation.
Key words: English adverbials; Chinese adverbials; comparison; translation
中文摘要:语言的对比分析是语言学习和研究的重要方法之一。不同语言的对比分析不但有利于语言教学者的教学，更有利于语言学习者的学习和翻译。
状语是英语和汉语共有的一个重要的句子成分。两者之间存在着许多相似之处，比如，两种语言的状语都能由副词，名词，介词短语充当，均能表示时间，地点，条件，目的，原因等。然而，由于英语和汉语属于两种不同体系的语言，两者的状语也存在必然的差异，比如，在词类上，动词能直接在汉语句子中充当状语，但在英语句子中，却要用动词的不定式或分词形式充当状语；而且两者在位置上也存在这很大的差异。本文旨在从分类、作用、词类和位置四个方面对英汉状语进行对比分析，试图找出两者之间的共同点和不同点，分析存在这些差异的原因，并且应用到翻译中，帮助英语学习者解决在翻译状语时遇到的困难。希望本文的研究结果能为英语学习者在翻译上提供必要的启发和帮助。
关键词：英语状语；汉语状语；对比；翻译