更新时间:02-24 (刘教授)提供原创文章
摘要:在我国向市场经济体制快速过渡的过程中, 城乡分割的二元社会保障制度有其明显的缺陷和负面影响, 农村的社会保障一直面临着严重的缺失,农民的基本生活也得不到切实的保障,因此推进既能适应农村需求又能与城镇社会保障有效衔接的社会保障制度建设势在必行。本文就以张家港“农转城”为例,结合问卷调查和访谈等方式,研究中国社会保障制度的变迁,具体包括“农转城”内涵、作用、优势以及实施过程中问题等,并且展望了未来“农转城”的发展。
关键词:社会保障制度、社会保障制度城乡衔接、“农转城”、农民、养老金
Abstract: To market economy system in our country, the rapid transition in the process of urban-rural dual social security system has its obvious flaws and negative effects, rural social security has been faced with a serious flaw, the farmer's basic life not feasible safeguard, thus promoting rural demand which can meet with the urban social security and effective dovetailing of the construction of social security system is imperative. This essay, taking zhangjiagang "rural social security turn urban social security ", for example, combined with the questionnaire and interview method to study Chinese social security system of change, specific include " rural social security turn urban social security " connotation, function, advantages and problems during the process of implementing, and discussed the future " rural social security turn urban social security " development.
Keyword:social security、Rural social security system cohesion、rural social security turn urban social security、farmer、pension.
目前城乡社会保障水平还是存在着一定的差异,对此我们要正确理解。社会保障的城乡统筹不完全等同于城乡统一,现阶段,由于农村人口众多,政府的财力又有限,城乡统筹不能要求在社会保障的内容、方式和执行标准中完全城乡统一,而是应该先力求做到社会保障基本制度城乡统一,做到社会保障水平与生产力发展水平相适应,公平与效率相结合,而后随着经济发展水平的提高,分阶段、有步骤地逐步减少差距。可以说城乡统筹是一个总体的发展目标和方向,其实施具有长远性与规划性。
未来我们还要把握好“发展”和“稳定”的关系,保住底线。一个国家的社会保障体系通常包括养老保险、医疗保险、工伤保险、社会福利与社会救济、最低生活保障等内容,而最低生活保障就是社会保障体系中所必须守住的底线,是保障每个公民有基本的生活的基础,它的建立将有利于社会保障体系的城乡衔接。政府在发展“农转城”的同时也不能忽视那些未参加的人员,保障他们基本生活水平仍是政府和社会的所不可推卸的责任。