更新时间:09-28 (园丁小瞳)提供原创文章
摘要:推理小说一直是畅销的通俗小说体裁之一,近年来,我国的出版市场不断出现畅销的推理小说。推理小说与现代心理学不论是在历史上,还是在相互影响上都有着密不可分的关系。现代心理学与推理小说有着数个交融点,同时,推理小说作家也将心理学原理利用到小说的创作中。心理学原理被应用在案件侦破、构建诡计、引导读者思维等各个方面。本文从推理小说与心理学的历史背景出发,探讨了推理小说在结构与情节设置上对心理学理论的应用,以问题解决策略的观点尝试解释了读者与作者之间的关系,以及讨论了推理小说核心部分——诡计的心理学实质。对推理小说市场的调查为今后该类小说的发展与生存提出了建议。
关键词:推理小说;实验心理学;行为科学;问题空间;动机
Abstract:The Mystery novels have always been popular among readers. Recent years, Mystery novels kept on being the Bestsellers in the publishing market in China. There has been a close relationship between the Mysteries and modern psychology, with a perennial interaction. Modern Psychology and Mystery Novels influences each other under many circumstances. And also, writers apply psychological theories into their books in the use of investigation, the building of the core trick and controlling the readers’ cogitation. This article takes the history between mystery and psychology as a background, and talks about the applications of psychological theories on the patterns and spots in mystery novels. This article trys to explain the relationship between readers and writers with a view of problem solving, and give an explain on how tricks work. The investigation into the publishing market gives some suggestion on the development of such kind of novels.
Key words: Mystery Novel; Experimental Psychology; Behaviorism; Problem Space; Motivation
本文从推理小说与心理学的历史发展为起点,先探讨了推理小说与现代心理学的数个交融点,可以看出,行为主义学说和利用与罪案侦破的心理学工具曾对推理小说的创作产生过重大的影响。其次我们将目光放在了推理小说的结构模式上,可以将推理小说罗列条件的空间看作“问题空间”,因此,“通用问题解决者模型”就可以套用在推理小说的创作与阅读过程上。
读者阅读推理小说就好比是在解决一个对抗性问题,而影响到问题解决的诸多因素:如知识表征、人格等都是左右阅读时心理状态的要点,而推理小说中的核心诡计,在这种观点下的实质就是利用了问题解决时的误区:如定势与功能固着。而读者与书中的侦探的区别在于新手与专家模式的区别。