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摘要:证券市场在我国产生以来,股市波动研究一直是金融学领域的热点。证券市场的信息、资本流动、舆论导向、政策调整和投资者信心等因素都会引起股市的波动。由于中国股票市场起步晚、基础薄弱、制度不完善等原因,异常波动现象经常出现,不仅对股市发挥投融资效应、促进经济发展的功能产生负面影响,而且也阻碍市场的健康发展。本文将研究我国股市近期波动的主要特点,以期进一步了解影响我国股市波动的深层原因,并有针对性的提出相关对策。
本文以原中国证监会主席郭树清在任的2011年10月——2013年3月为考察期,首先重点分析这一时期我国股票市场的发展,并从波动频率、波动幅度、成交量、大小市值股票、股民信心和“大小非”影响等几个方面阐述波动的主要特点;其次从股市制度制约、“政策市”影响、投资结构不完善、信心不足等方面分析产生上述问题的原因;最后针对上述原因,从监管者、上市公司、投资者和证券中介机构四个方面设计了相应的对策,并重点设计了监管者在目前股市现状下应该采纳的策略,以期促进我国股票市场的健康、持续发展。
关键词:股市;波动特点;策略
ABSTRACT:After the emergence of security market, research on the stock market volatility has become a hot spot in finance field. The contributing factors of the stock market volatility include market information, capital flow, public opinion,policy adjustment, investor’s confidence and so on. Stock market started late in China and, with a weak footing and an incomplete mechanism, frequently experiences unusual volatility, which would eliminate the role of it in motivating financing effect and promoting economic growth and thus would deter a sound development of the market. This essay will focus on the main characteristics and profound reasons of recent Chinese stock market volatility; finally, I would put forward specific solutions to this problem.
Based on the period while the previous chairman of the China Securities RegulatoryCommission, Guo Shuqing in office from October 2011 to March 2013, the essay illustratesthe development of Chinese stock market of this period. Also, it sheds light on the main characteristics of the volatility in terms of volatility frequency, volatility scope, volume, stock market value, confidence of investors, as well as non-tradable share. Then, it will analyze the reasons of the mentioned phenomenon according to system restriction, less confidence, slowdown in economic growth, imperfect investment structure and policy driven market.Finally it will put forward solutions in response to these problems, thus promoting the healthy and sustainable development of China’s stock market.
Keywords: stock market;volatility characteristic; strategy
中国股市在备受瞩目的路途上留下了20余年的足迹,虽然目前尚未成熟,但股票市场在我国金融体系中扮演着不可或缺的角色,在推动国民经济稳定健康发展、健全和完善金融体系方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本文立足近两年中国股市发展的实际,从股市低迷的现状出发,系统的总结了中国股市近期波动的主要特点,并从上述特点出发深层次分析了导致这种现状的原因,最后结合我国股市发展实际提出了相应的对策。总的来说,可以得出以下结论:
1.我国股市近期波动特点较为明显。整体上股市成交低迷,波动幅度较大、频率较高,尤其被看好的蓝筹股也变成了“难愁”股;大、小市值股票行情冰火两重天,反差较大,大市值股票走熊市小市值股票走牛市情况凸显;IPO增速和“大小非”解禁造成的股市扩容,导致股市信心不足;“政策市”影响深刻,市场没有发挥出真正的自我作用。
2.股市制度的约束是造成中国股市异常波动的最主要原因。虽然“大小非”解禁、中国宏观经济增速放缓也对深刻影响着股市波动,但笔者认为股市制度约束却是主要因素,不完善的制度不仅限制了我国股市的短期表现,也对我国股市的长期发展起到了极大的约束作用。比较突出的主要集中在股票发行过多、发行信息披露失真、市场退出制度失效三个方面。想要构建健康稳定的股市,监管当局要在制度的制定尤其落实上下功夫。
3.提高上市公司质量、优化投资者结构、培育理性投资者是我国股市走向成熟的重要步骤。提升股市信心最终要靠上市公司业绩的提升。任何政策刺激对股市来说只是短期效果,而要真正恢复投资者信心,必须要靠上市公司的健康发展。上市公司各种违法违规必须受到严惩,切实保护投资者利益。