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[摘要] 本文具体分析了袁枚“性灵说”的内涵,袁枚倡导“性灵说”的原因,以及“性灵说”的影响。认为“性灵说”把诗歌创作与个性自由的要求联系起来,强调个体意识,抵制了清代文化高压政策和考据风气对文学的影响,倡导了平易的诗风,促进了清诗的大众化。袁枚“性灵说”高扬个性,重振和发扬了晚明进步思想,反映出一种要求解放传统束缚和文学自由的倾向,在清代诗歌史上具有承前启后、扭转诗风的重要意义,也是近代进步文学的萌芽。
[关键词] 袁枚 性灵说 真情 个性 诗才 渊源 影响
[Abstract] This detailed analysis of YuanMei “XingLing theory ”principle,YuanMei advocate “XingLing theory ”reasons,and “XingLing theory ”effect.That “XingLing theory ”poetry and the requirement to link individual freedom,emphasizing the individual consciousness,and cultural pressure to resist the Qing dynasty,according to climate policy and the impact on literature,poetry,plain initiated and promoted the popularity of Qing poetry.YuanMei“XingLing theory”highlight the theme of the individuality,to revive and carry forward the progress of the late Ming thought,reflecting the liberation of a requirement free of traditional constraints and the tendency of literature in the past and the history of the Qing dynasty poetry,reversing the significance of poetry,but also modern progressive literature the bud.
[Key words] YuanMei XingLing theory true feeling personalily poesy origin influence
袁枚在《乾嘉诗人点将录》中被舒位称为“及时雨宋江”,他是清代中叶最富有个性和才情的文学家,他诗居“乾嘉三大家之首”,他的代表作《随园诗话》还被誉为与《红楼梦》、《聊斋志异》齐名的清代三部“家喻而户读”的作品。袁枚诗文创作均有成绩,但影响最大的是其所倡导的“性灵说”的诗歌理论,其理论不仅备受赞誉并在当时产生极大的影响,冲破了当时沈德潜的“格调说”和翁方纲的“肌理说”对当时诗坛的束缚,打破了复古风气对清代诗坛的钳制。金逸《呈随园夫子》称:“格律何如主性灵,早闻持论最清真”。王飞鸽《续诗品·序》曰:“先生说诗皆发人之所未发”。蒋子萧《游艺录》更记载道:“乾隆中诗风最盛,几于户曹刘而人李杜,袁简斋独倡性灵之说,江南北靡然从之,自荐绅先生下逮野雯、方外,得其一字荣过登龙,坛沽之局生面别开。”可见“性灵说”风靡于当时诗坛的盛况。