更新时间:10-10 (我的男朋友)提供原创文章
摘要:我们要了解《史记》一书的音乐,首先应当重视《乐书》。但很不幸,今天的《史记》在西汉末已有亡缺,后人所补的部分与司马氏父子的原作相差极远,《乐书》便是如此。今天的《史记》,很多篇目确实已是后人补续之作了。至于《律书》,音乐界大多误以为是讲乐律学的篇章,其实原内容应该是讲兵法和战争史的。于是,我们只能是从《史记》全书中去搜寻零碎的片段。司马氏父子的音乐思想是儒家的,是政治化功利化的,但司马迁的绝不是要利用神灵的旨意教化人民,而是主张人事在天人关系中才是“天变”的根本。
关键词: 史记; 司马迁; 音乐思想
Abstract: We should pay the first attention to The Yueshu if we want to understnd the music in The Shiji.But unfortunately, The Shiji that we research today has losed part of it in the late Western Han Dynasty, there are quiet differences between the part later people amended and the original work the Simaqiang and his son had written, The Yueshu is such s book. Today, many table of contents has indeed been marked for renewal. As for The Lvshu, most of the music has the misconception of its chapter about musical temperament, but in fact, ite contents are about the art of war and war history. Hence, we can only search some fragmentary moments. By the way, we also should konw that the musical thought of Simaqiang and his son is confucian, political and utolitarian but not for gracefulness and niceness.
Keywords: Historical Records; Sima Qian; Music concept
《史记》全书有130卷,共526500字,是司马谈、司马迁父子两代人的心血结晶,前后历四十余年。汉武帝时司马谈任太史令,汉武帝元封元年(前110),东巡至泰山,并在山上举行祭祀天地的“封禅”大典。司马谈因病留在洛阳,未能从行,深感遗憾,抑郁愤恨而死。他所要论著历史的理想和计划,便留给儿子司马迁去实现。司马迁从十岁开始读古书,二十岁开始游历大江南北,父亲死前把一生理想交托给司马迁,就是要法孔子“修旧起废”,不废天下之史文,补王道之缺,振礼乐之衰,宣明主贤君忠臣死义之士。司马谈死三年,司马迁子承父业,开始整理父亲遗稿,并开始自己的《史记》创作,五年后太初改历,七年后,天汉二年(公元前99年),李陵兵败投降匈奴,司马迁为其辩驳,却遭宫刑,此时《史记》尚未完成,所以他拿孔子厄陈蔡、左丘失明、孙子膑脚而发愤作为来自况。他在写给好友任安的信中详细说明了自己写作《史记》的意图以及一生志趣抱负所在,那就是要通过“网罗天下放失旧闻,略考其事,综其终始,稽其成败兴坏之际”来“究天人之际,通古今之变”。