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摘要:洗钱是人类社会的“毒瘤”,它使资金游离于监管之外,不仅帮助犯罪分子逃避法律制裁,而且还助长并滋生新的犯罪,扭曲正常的经济金融秩序,腐蚀社会道德信用基础。在当前经济全球化的环境下,洗钱活动对国际金融体系的稳定和安全构成越来越大的威胁。在我国,随着市场经济的发展,洗钱犯罪现象也越来越严重。世界各国开始了一轮又一轮的反洗钱工作,国家与国家之间展开互动,积极合作,在反洗钱领域取得了丰硕的成果。作为负责的大国,中国虽然在反洗钱方面起步虽晚,但发展很快:无论是在反洗钱法制建设、机构设置,还是在监管体系、案件查处、协调合作等方面都取得了显著的成绩。六年来,中国的反洗钱工作从初期的起步、学习、试点和探索阶段、正向全面和纵深发展阶段迈进。
本文的研究方法在于通过对我国社会存在的洗钱问题以及金融尤其是银行领域反洗钱的现状分析以及与国外的对比,借鉴国外优秀经验和机制,从法律和经济角度探讨我国银行领域的反洗钱制度建设,探索中国特色的反洗钱金融监管模式。
关键词:洗钱;方式;制度分析
ABSTRACT:Money laundering is the "cancer" of human society, the alienation between the capital and outside supervision, not only to help criminals to avoid legal sanctions, but also contributed to the breeding of a new crime, of distorting normal economic and financial order, corrosion basis of social and moral credit. In the current environment of economic globalization, money-laundering activities pose an increasing threat to the stability and security of the international financial system. In China, with the development of market economy, the crime of money laundering phenomenon is getting worse. Countries around the world began another round of anti-money laundering, for interaction between countries, active cooperation, and achieved fruitful results in the anti-money laundering field. As a responsible big country, in terms of anti-money laundering began late, but has developed rapidly: whether it is set in the anti-money laundering legal system, institutions, or in the regulatory system, the case investigation, coordination and cooperation has made remarkable achievements. Six years, China's anti-money laundering work started from the initial study, pilot and exploratory stage, forward towards a comprehensive and in-depth development stage.
The research method is that of our society money laundering issues in finance, especially in the field of bank anti-money laundering status quo analysis and comparison with foreign, learn from the outstanding foreign experience and mechanism of China's banking field of anti-money laundering regime, from a legal and economic point of view construction, to explore Chinese characteristics, anti-money laundering financial regulatory model.
Keywords: money laundering; method; system analyse
我国的反洗钱工作情况还存在各种各样的问题,法律体系还是刚刚建立,还不够完善;体制处于建立阶段;领导下的工作组织之间交流不够,配合不够;在反洗钱工作方面商业银行普遍缺乏足够的激励性,从业人员反洗钱意识和技术不强;反洗钱宣传工作仅限于银行等金融机构,并未推广至社会,工作不到位,导致社会公众对洗钱认识不足,导致与银行配合不足,增加了反洗钱难度。可见,中国的反洗钱工作还是路漫漫其修远兮。
在反洗钱的道路上,相对于国内的起步阶段,国外已经走了很长时间,数量庞大的反洗钱组织相继建立,完整互补的法律法规相继制定,从而形成了比较完善的反洗钱机制和制度:在与国外的交流方面,通过设立合作组织,建立了共同标准,以达到信息的交流和经验的借鉴。在国内宣传方面,通过制定的相应的反洗钱法律,确立发洗钱行动的法治地位;促进金融机构内部制定相应的反洗钱制度,完善内控;指导教育大众关于反洗钱工作的相应知识和手段。鉴于反洗钱工作中情报的重要性,各国还建立了用于搜集分析处理各种大额和可疑性交易信息的支付情报中心,该组织还可以在分析处理的基础上向执法机关报告疑似犯罪案情。
本文的研究方法在于通过对我国社会存在的洗钱问题以及金融尤其是银行领域反洗钱的现状分析以及与国外的对比,借鉴国外优秀经验和机制,从法律和经济角度探讨我国银行领域的反洗钱制度建设,探索中国特色的反洗钱金融监管模式。